The use of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) orthophoto has been known for its effectiveness in overviewing crop cover and condition in response to agriculture inputs and environmental changes. Vegetation index (VI) obtained via remote sensing at canopy level has been proven as an effective algorithms\u2019 tools for quantitative and qualitative evaluations of crop health, vigor, and growth dynamics, among other applications. This study aims to evaluate the use of VI (Normalized Different Vegetation Index) for fodder health assessment obtained from an UAS -based imagery approach. DJI Mavic 3 Enterprise Multispectral drone was used to collect digital images. The flight height was set at 80 m above ground level (AGL), and minimum of 70% side lap and 70% front lap for imaging an area of 13.34 hectares. A total number of one (1) ground control point (GCP) was used for georeferencing and accuracy assessment. Multispectral image was generated from 293 images captured at 2.405 cm\/pixel resolution. Results shows that different color band can determine different properties of land cover condition including different types of vegetation, bare soil, water bodies and man-made features. There was multiple variation (30.3%) of land cover crop species including Brachiaria humidicola, Brachiaria decumbens, bushes and bare soil. From the computation of NDVI, there is approximately 47.7% variability in terms of healthy and unhealthy crop cover throughout the study site and up to 43% percent of fertilizer reduction applied based on crop health status. As a conclusion, the used of UAS based imaging accompany with vegetation indices may benefit farm managers as a decision support system (DSS) for precise soil fertility management in assuring an optimal and sustainable fodder quality growth.<\/p>\n
Keywords: UAS, vegetation index, fodder, NDVI, multispectral.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Sharil Azwan M. Z.*, Fakhrulisham R., Haryani H., Atiqah R., Mohd Hafifi H., Norlindawati A. P.,and Mohamad Indrashahrin B.
\nVeterinary Research Division, Department of Veterinary Services, Putrajaya
\nVeterinary Institute Malaysia, Kluang, Johor
\nNational Institute of Veterinary Biodiversity, Jerantut, Pahang
\n*Corresponding author: sharil@dvs.gov.my<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"template":"","doc_categories":[83],"doc_tags":[],"doc_author":[],"file_type":[73],"class_list":["post-2162","dlp_document","type-dlp_document","status-publish","hentry","doc_categories-penyelidikan-pengeluaran-ternakan","file_type-pdf","no-post-thumbnail"],"download_url":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/MAVMA-2024-Sharil-Azwan.pdf","file_size":"3 MB","filename":"MAVMA-2024-Sharil-Azwan.pdf","download_count":"","version_history":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dlp_document\/2162","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dlp_document"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/dlp_document"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dlp_document\/2162\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2173,"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dlp_document\/2162\/revisions\/2173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2162"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"doc_categories","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_categories?post=2162"},{"taxonomy":"doc_tags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_tags?post=2162"},{"taxonomy":"doc_author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/doc_author?post=2162"},{"taxonomy":"file_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/research.dvs.gov.my\/ral\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/file_type?post=2162"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}